Hawaii · UplandPeafowl

Peafowl is unusual among Hawaii's introduced game birds in that it was brought in primarily for aesthetic reasons by private individuals starting around 1860, not deliberately propagated for hunting by the state, so, per the Bishop Museum's Pyle & Pyle "Birds of the Hawaiian Islands" reference monograph, its introduction history is harder to trace precisely than the game-farm species. It was introduced to every Southeastern Hawaiian Island except Kaho'olawe and became established, in varying strength, on three to four of them: strongest on Hawai'i Island (from an 1909 Pu'u Wa'awa'a Ranch release) and Maui (southwest Haleakala slopes), with smaller, scattered populations on O'ahu (Mt Ka'ala/"Peacock Flats") and Kaua'i; the Lana'i population was extirpated in the 1930s when Lana'i City was built. DOFAW only legally opens hunting on a small fraction of this biological range: Kuaokala GMA and Makua Kea'au PHA on O'ahu (3/hunter/day), and Pu'u Wa'awa'a Forest Reserve on Hawai'i Island (1/hunter/day), both written below as the regulatory-access answer alongside the broader ecological range. Ni'ihau held a large, widespread population historically but, is not written as a region here.