PointsAfieldSeason2026–27
Black Francolin
Black FrancolinEastern South Dakota · OctoberOwn work · CC BY-SA 4.0
Upland game bird
National prominence

Black Francolin

Black francolin lives in dry, open country: croplands, mixed grass and shrub, and weedy field edges, often near a canal or irrigation ditch. In Hawaii it's found on dry western slopes across all six main islands.

States present1Not present0Outlook researched0/1
Black Francolin habitat
Hunting strategy

How to hunt Black Francolin

Terrain

Two real hunting contexts. On Oahu's public game management units, black francolin occurs alongside pheasant, other francolin species, chukar, and dove, the same mixed-bag public-land setting used for those birds. On private guided ranch land on Hawaii Island (the Big Island), it's hunted on volcanic terrain that ranges from high slopes down through rocky ridges and steep, deep-sided ravines, with ground cover often too dense to see your own feet and jagged broken lava rock underneath. Lower elevations on these ranches run to dense, damp jungle-like cover; higher elevations open into drier grassland dotted with trees, with uneven lava rock underfoot throughout.

Range

No source gives a specific yardage for black francolin. Based on directly observed flush behavior, a bird that held nearby after being located, then broke explosively from cover and crossed hard, a short-to-moderate range, roughly 20 to 35 yards, is a reasonable estimate: a dense-cover ambush flush rather than a long open-country crossing shot.

Method

On Oahu's public units, black francolin is taken incidentally during general walked-up hunts for the same mixed bag of pheasant, other francolins, chukar, and dove, not through a dedicated hunt. On private Big Island ranch land, it's hunted walked-up behind professional pointing dogs, typically as part of a genuinely mixed bag that can include quail, other francolins, pheasant, and turkey in the same outing. Flush behavior is inconsistent even within one hunt: birds can hold tight as concrete one moment and flush wild, singly or in groups, the next, so a hunter can't reliably predict which behavior a given bird will show.

What changes through the season

  • Two real hunt contexts: incidental public-land take vs. a dedicated guided ranch hunt

    The Oahu public-unit experience is a casual add-on to a mixed-bag pheasant or francolin walk. The Big Island guided-ranch hunt is a dedicated pursuit on private land with established wild populations, worked behind professional pointing dogs. Both use the same gear; a hunter just shouldn't assume the two experiences feel the same.

  • Body weight and flight behavior

    Black francolin weighs roughly 380 to 650 grams, and one experienced hunter directly compared its flight to a Hungarian partridge's: fast enough to argue for a versatile, moderate choke rather than the most open option available.

Shot selection

What to load for this hunt

Lead

Gauge
12 gauge, 20 gauge, 28 gauge
Shot size
#7.5, #6Estimate
20 gauge is a named convention for Hawaii's francolin hunting. 12 and 28 gauge round out the range, reflecting the same mixed-bag habit of carrying whatever gauge is already in hand. Shot size (#7.5-6) follows from the bird's own weight, roughly 380 to 650 grams: one hunter dropped a comparably sized bird with #6, supporting the heavier end of this range. Choke runs Improved Cylinder to Modified, a moderate, versatile pick rather than betting on a longer range, since nothing in this bird's own documented flush argues for going all the way to Full.
Choke
Improved Cylinder, Modified

Non-toxic

Shot size and choke, by shot type
SteelBismuthTungsten-matrix
Shot size#7, #8, #3, #4Estimate

#7-8 at the lighter end, matching the standard #7.5 lead-to-steel conversion, #3-4 at the heavier end. Choke opens one step at the light end (to Cylinder/Improved Cylinder) but holds at Modified on the heavy end, since pattern-density needs at the top of this bracket don't relax just because the range is moderate rather than long.

#6, #5Estimate

#6-7 at the light end, #5 at the heavy end, following bismuth's usual smaller step-up from lead compared to steel. Choke is capped at Modified: tighter constrictions fracture bismuth's more brittle pellets.

#7.5, #6Estimate

Same as the lead baseline, #7.5-6. Tungsten-matrix's density is close enough to lead that no size or choke adjustment is needed.

ChokeCylinder, Improved Cylinder, ModifiedImproved Cylinder, ModifiedImproved Cylinder, Modified
Sources
TestedVerified against Tom Roster's published lethality testing, or a state agency's own tested figures for this species.
AgencyState agency guidance, a manufacturer specification, or established outdoor-press consensus — not independently tested for this species.
EstimateReasoned from body mass, shot size, or shot-density relationships; no species-specific test exists.
Per-state worksheet

Where it is open, and what the survey says

0 of 1 states have published a 2026 outlook. The rest are primed and waiting on the agency.
  • Hawaii
    No season found
    Awaiting survey — Hawaii 2026
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